Free Download Evolution and Speciation in Fungi and Eukaryotic Biodiversity
by T.J. Pandian
English | 2023 | ISBN: 103242141X | 306 pages | True PDF | 14.32 MB
Being sessiles like autotrophic plants and heterotrophics as animals, fungi are fascinating eukaryotes. In them, the need for external digestion has demanded surface expansion and limited tissues to 20% loss of commercial crops. Despite their ecological and economic importance, no university offers a degree course in Mycology. For 2,056,907 eukaryotic species, this book elaborates the role played by environmental factors (i) spatial distribution, (ii) light-temperature, (iii) precipitation-liquid water and biological attributes, (iv) cellularity, (v) symmetry, (vi) clonality, (vii) sexuality, (viii) modality and (ix) motility that either accelerate or decelerate biodiversity. About 20 and 80% eukaryotes are aquatics and terrestrials. Decreasing light intensity and temperature reduce diversity from the equator toward the polar zones. Water availability also reduces the diversity from 5.4 - 65.5 species/km2 in tropical evergreen forests to <0.0045 species/km2 in deserts and polar zones. Unicellularity and radial symmetry decelerate the diversity to <2 and <26%, respectively. Increase in tissue types from 200 in mammals reduce clonality from 100 to 0%. Strategies developed by eukaryotes reduce selfing by <24% in plants and <1% in metazoans.